A Comprehensive Analysis of Load Frequency Stabilization Using Fuzzy, SMES & Virtual Inertia Controller of a Micro-grid System

The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into power networks is increasing in response to environmental changes, economic growth, and energy scarcity. Due to the contrast to the time-varying conditions, its power outputs are irregular or unpredictable and its systems are decentralised. Thus, the power grid becomes more complex as RESs become more widespread. Yet, RESs may not engage in grid stability regulation (e.g., frequency), resulting in a lack of inertia and damping properties in the system and a loss of grid stability. This can lead to system instability and power outages. High-level inertia controllers are required for the system to track multiple levels of RES penetration in order to solve this problem. In this work, we employed a PID controller along with three different controller types - virtual inertia, fuzzy logic, and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) controllers - to confront the load frequency control problem. Even with large shifts in the system parameters and nonlinear factors like the generation rate constraint, the proposed controllers perform well and are able to solve the load-frequency control problem. Here we considered two types of loads: industrial loads and residential loads. Based on the simulation results, the fuzzy logic controller suggested in this paper outperforms SMES and virtual inertia controllers.