金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)CO₂ 捕集和转化研究进展

With the progress of social and industrial modernization, the emission of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other greenhouse gases is increasing, resulting in serious greenhouse effect and frequent natural disasters. In order to reduce carbon emissions, it is imperative to de⁃ velop carbon capture, utilization and storage technology (CCUS). At present, the commonly CO₂ capture methods and transformation methods include chemical absorption method, adsorption separation method, membrane separation method, and CO₂ catalytic reaction, etc. Among them, the development of efficient and stable adsorption and catalytic materials is the key to the optimization of various capture technologies. In this paper, the application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in CO₂ capture and conversion is reviewed in detail, the latest progress of current research is analyzed, and the problems and solutions in the application process are revealed. Compared with sin⁃ gle metal MOFs, bimetallic MOFs have better metal defect sites and L acid content, showing good advantages in CO₂ adsorption separation and catalytic reaction. The functional modification method can be modified according to the needs of different CO₂ capture technologies, and has a high success rate, especially the post-functionalization method, which is widely used in CO₂ capture due to its simple modifica⁃ tion method and good structure maintenance. Pre-functionalization is the most ideal modification method for MOFs, especially ligand func⁃ tionalization, which can essentially change the affinity of MOFs to CO₂. However, the maintenance of MOFs structure is a major difficulty in current research. The preparation of MOFs nanofluid absorbent can effectively increase the heat and mass transfer inside the absorbent, improve the agglomeration of traditional nanoparticles, facilitate the formation of stable suspension, and increase the amount of CO₂ ab⁃ sorption. But the viscosity control of absorbent is the barrier of current research. In addition, as a filling material in membrane separation method, MOFs can effectively improve the selectivity of membrane due to its good compatibility and abundant surface functional groups. At the same time, the high CO₂ adsorption of MOFs can improve the CO₂ capacity of the membrane, but the mechanical properties and cyclic stability of MOFs membrane need to be further optimized. Although there are many studies on CO₂ capture technology by MOFs, the litera⁃ ture on CO₂ capture system and economic analysis is limited. Starting from the preparation cost, CO₂ capture cost and regeneration cost of MOFs, this study attempts to reveal the relationship between the chemical properties of MOFs and the process economy of CO₂ capture.