Development and optimization of Sodium Polysulfide/Bromine redox flow battery by enhanced solubility of electrolyte with ion-selective membranes and their economic analysis

Renewable methods of energy generation such as solar, hydroelectric, and wind are intermittent and unpredictable systems that require energy storage for effective incorporation into the electrical supply grids. Extensive research is going on new possible electrolyte couples according to the requirements of application situations. Battery materials are selected based on their charge densities, charging and discharging life cycle, self-discharging, safety, cost-effectiveness, and construction/assembly engineering. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are the subjects of wide-scale development activities due to their capability to store large amounts of electrical energy in a relatively economical and efficient way. To this end, sodium polysulfide/bromine RFBs are one the most promising electrolyte couples for scale-up technology. Sodium polysulfide/bromine RFB utilizes aqueous sodium polysulfide and sodium bromide solution as anolyte and catholyte, respectively, separated by a sodium ion exchange membrane