Delineation of Optimal Groundwater Recharge Zones in arid region using an Integrated Modelling Approach

Groundwater depletion is an urgent issue that has major implications for development and society, particularly in arid regions like Saudi Arabia. With a growing global demand ... for drinking water, as well as its essential role in agriculture and industry, there is an urgent need to assess the capacity and effectiveness of underground water reservoirs (aquifers). The adoption of artificial recharge approaches, including the installation of injection wells and other structures, can effectively enhance water security and reduce stress on groundwater systems. However, the delineation of suitable sites for artificial recharge is essential to implement an effective groundwater recharge system. Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing have emerged as valuable tools for groundwater exploration, combining rapid data acquisition and comprehensive analysis for further development. This study adopts an integrative approach employing GIS, remote sensing data, and an advanced hydrological model to evaluate and map groundwater potential. In this comprehensive analysis, the advanced hydrological model is instrumental in estimating groundwater recharge, providing detailed information. Leveraging predominantly remote sensing data, the study utilizes data on land cover dynamics, surface characteristics, and precipitation patterns to enhance the accuracy of groundwater recharge estimations. Additionally, the model facilitates the identification of optimal locations for Artificial Groundwater Recharge (AGR), crucial for sustainable water resource management. The procedure entails analysing hydrological, geological, land use, soil, vegetation, and lineament data to develop a potential map for groundwater recharge, which will then be verified and refined using field observation data. This comprehensive approach is anticipated to result in a reliable scientific tool for water resource managers, enabling them to make informed choices to maintain and improve groundwater levels. The larger implications of this research are significant, with possible benefits including enhanced water security, support for agricultural and commercial activities, and increased resistance to climate change. The research focuses on aquifer renewability to reduce groundwater withdrawals. The results will provide water resource managers with a scientific framework for regulated aquifer recharging. The goal is to balance water extraction and aquifer replenishment to ensure groundwater resource viability and reduce water stress in arid places.