Saudi Arabia is one of the largest arid countries without permanent rivers or lakes and is challenged by water scarcity. Water touches every aspect of development and it links with nearly every sustainable development goal. It drives economic growth, supports healthy ecosystems, and is essential and fundamental for life itself. On the other hand, membranes represent an important element that is utilized in numerous industrial sectors, including refining, chemical processing, mining, and most importantly water desalination and waste water treatment. Therefore, long-term strategies for water security as well as the development of sustainable, energy efficient, and inexpensive membrane technologies are urgently required.